Physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer was the head of the Manhattan Project that developed the atomic bomb in 1945, helping to speed the end of World War Two. Acclaimed as a national hero, he became the US government's chief advisor on nuclear policy after the war.
On April 12, 1954, at the height at the McCarthy era, the country was surprised to learn that Oppenheimer was accused of being a security risk and faced withdrawal of his top-secret security clearance. Within weeks, he was permanently barred from access to the nation's nuclear secrets. Why had the charismatic leader of the Manhattan Project been cast into overnight disgrace?
The hearing in April and May of 1954 was the culmination of a lengthy campaign by a cabal of hard-line air force officials, anti-Communist politicians, and rival scientists such as Edward Teller to steer US weapons policy toward reliance on larger and more deadly nuclear weapons.
The Ruin of J. Robert Oppenheimer tells the inside story of events that led to the hearing. It provides a colorful account of the scientists at Los Alamos who were actually designing the H-bomb, and of Teller's self-serving attempts in Washington to discredit his colleagues. Finally it shows how Lewis Strauss, head of the Atomic Energy Commission, plotted the attack on Oppenheimer and attempted to anoint Teller as leader of the U.S. scientific community.
The hearing was a tragedy for everyone involved. But its key outcome was the destruction of Oppenheimer and the marginalizing of scientists who had urged restraint.
This riveting narrative draws upon in-depth interviews, the private papers of participants and newly declassified U.S. government documents to show how critics of military policy and military secrecy were silenced at the height of the Cold War, allowing the arms race to proceed unchecked, and creating dangers that still haunt us today.
Friday, January 25, 2008
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Your book reveals the complexity of the issues concerning Dr. Oppenheimer. Perhaps his later partial rehabilitation and continued participation in the AEC Advisory Committees gives some balance to the picture. Nonetheless, most Americans fail even now to understand that the issues of command and control of nuclear weapons (Addressed most thoughtfully in open source by Prof. Paul Bracken of Yale University in his book "Command and Control" and to some extent by James Carroll in his recent book and speeches) and utilization strategy should be made part of the public debate. As we head towards a proliferation of ballistic missile/nuclear capable nations (as many as 30 by 2030) this topic is going to be back on the political agenda in a significant way. The work of the Nuclear Threat Initiative and concerned military intellectuals like retired General Lee Butler need to be opened to the public through more detailed knowledge and debate. The WMD threat is real but questions remain as to how to defend the nation even after 6 years post 9/11.
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